proposed that they could be treated as two different species, Z. jujuba Mill. The major advances in this period included grafting techniques (1000 YA), intercropping (600 YA), fresh fruit storage in ice rooms (200 YA), shifting the girdling time from winter to the flowering season, and processing candied jujubes, jujube wine, and jujube vinegar. Cymosiflora Cheng et Liu and Ser. Acta Hortic. However, until the end of the 20th century, the breeding techniques for Chinese jujube had been mainly focused on selection from seedlings, bud mutants, and local germplasm, even though some new techniques had been incorporated into selection breeding, such as marker-assisted identification and standardized techniques. This result was later confirmed by SSR and cpSSR analysis61,62. Jujube tree yields in dryland saline soils are restricted by water shortages and soil salinity. Han, Z., Yuan, D., Chen, W. & Chen, Y. sending out suckers 30' feet away) so my main question is this: Are the roots strong enough to move/. Front. var. According to the authors investigation in Iran, all the jujube trees that were hundreds of years old were located at key sites on the ancient Silk Road, and Iranian scholars report that the jujube was introduced from China. 41, 8285 (2005). Jujube never needs flower-promoting treatments. . Liu, Z. et al. It has been spread all over China, with a cultivation area of ~2 million hectares and an annual production of over 8 million tons. ), f. carnosicalycis (Wang) Cheng et Liu (Z. jujuba Mill. Based on the main contents of jujube research, the landmark achievements and the supporting role for jujube industry development, this period can be further subdivided into three stages3the period of recovery after World War II (19491978), the period of accelerating development (19791999), and the period of comprehensive development (20002019). It would take some serious pruning to keep the tree at a small size and to keep the root system managed. Zhang, C., Liu, M., Kong, D., Wu, G. & Li, D. Diversification of resistance to fruit shrink disease in Chinese jujube germplasm. (5) Environmentally friendly and high-efficiency pest management integrating physical, agricultural, and biological approaches: minimizing the use of chemical pesticides and reducing chemical residues; promoting labor-saving and low-cost pest and disease control systems; and ensuring high yields, high fruit quality, and food safety. The pure polyploid shoot could form flowers and even set fruits for further evaluation in the same year as the polyploid induction. Phytopathology108, 10671077 (2018). The major requirements to meet farmers needs are reducing inputs, increasing output and accelerating economic returns. Qu, Z., Li, S., Wu, Y., Sun, P. & Hu, J. Jujubes do best in warm, dry climates, but can tolerate winter lows down to -20 degrees F. (-29 C.). Process.2, 5255 (2010). Wang, H. et al. Ideally, their root system wants to be kept slightly moist, but not wet. In this period, the first jujube research monograph Da Zao Pu, written by Liu Guan (Yuan dynasty, 1300), which recorded 71 jujube cultivars, was published. Huang, J. et al. It was discovered that an autotetraploid sour jujube had higher tolerance to salinity than the diploid, and its preliminary molecular mechanism was illustrated80,81. Aims Planting density is a major factor during the conversion of cropland to woodland in the semiarid hilly region of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Li, M. & Qian, J. Huang, J. et al. Agrofor Syst 48:2540, Gruenewald H, Brandt BKV, Schneider BU, Bens O, Kendzia G, Huettl RF (2007) Agroforestry systems for the production of woody biomass for energy transformation purposes. research in Romania. & Cheng, H. Cultivation technique for direct seeding and orchard constructing of arid area jujube. Moreover, they cannot be adapted to large-scale, mechanized, and labor-saving operations in the future, nor can they meet the demands for high-quality, safe, and high-end products. Chara cterization of a pectic polysaccharide from the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba. The RLD of 6-year-old jujube intercropped with wheat at different soil depths was influenced by intercropping to a smaller extent than in other jujube/wheat intercropping combinations. Qi, J. et al. For . In addition, other books such as Descriptors and Data Standards for Jujube Germplasm56, Test Guidelines for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stabilityjujube57, Technical Regulators for the Identification of Jujube Cultivars-SSR Marker Method provide references and technical standards for character selection, data collection, testing, and identification in jujube germplasm studies. Jujube clearly deserves to be considered a superfruit for the future in terms of its following basic characteristics. ISSN 2662-6810 (print), The historical and current research progress on jujubea superfruit for the future, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00346-5, Germplasm resources and genetic breeding of Paeonia: a systematic review, Comparative population genomics dissects the genetic basis of seven domestication traits in jujube, A roadmap for research in octoploid strawberry, Advancing crop genomics from lab to field, RosBREED: bridging the chasm between discovery and application to enable DNA-informed breeding in rosaceous crops, Prunus genetics and applications after de novo genome sequencing: achievements and prospects, The genome of cultivated peanut provides insight into legume karyotypes, polyploid evolution and crop domestication, An update on the arsenal: mining resistance genes for disease management of Brassica crops in the genomic era, Identification and stacking of crucial traits required for the domestication of pennycress, http://jujube.genomics.cn/page/species/index.jsp, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Identification and expression analysis of BURP domain-containing genes in jujube and their involvement in low temperature and drought response, Comparison of ascorbate metabolism in fruits of two jujube species with differences in ascorbic acid content, Genomic constitution and relationships of Ziziphus species collected from Malakand Division, Pakistan, Multiple responses contribute to the enhanced drought tolerance of the autotetraploid Ziziphus jujuba Mill.