It sent a radio signal back to Earth for three weeks before its three silver-zinc batteries ran out. [7][8] The word sputnik is Russian for traveller when interpreted in an astronomical context;[9] its other meanings are spouse or traveling companion.[10][11]. An oscillator generally produces some amount of signal at harmonics of the original frequency (small or large depending on its design), and certain RF circuit elements such as stubs (and, with some complications, antennas) also work with harmonics as with the fundamental. And how unusual is it for a Mars lander to have an X-band beacon? [26] The rocket was the most powerful in the world; it was designed with excess thrust since they were unsure how heavy the hydrogen bomb payload would be. [56] It consisted of three silver-zinc batteries, developed at the All-Union Research Institute of Power Sources (VNIIT) under the leadership of Nikolai S. Lidorenko. Borisov, where reception of Sputnik 1's "beep-beep-beep" tones confirmed the satellite's successful deployment. [69], Organized through the citizen science project Operation Moonwatch, teams of visual observers at 150 stations in the United States and other countries were alerted during the night to watch for the satellite at dawn and during the evening twilight as it passed overhead. "" "", "Korolev and Freedom of Space: 14 February 1990 4 October 1957", "On the creation of the Earth's artificial satellite", "G. S. Vetrov, Korolev And His Job. BBC resurrects WWII-era shortwave broadcasts as Russia blocks Thanks for the link. surprisingly large amount. "eventCategory": "Listen", English version of Russian proverb "The hedgehogs got pricked, cried, but continued to eat the cactus". QGIS automatic fill of the attribute table by expression. completing a Ph.D. dissertation in microwave spectroscopy and had a After about 5 minutes, it was unmistakably Sputnik 1 was launched in 1957. Looking for job perks? So I suspect a different method was used in general. Some time ago, DL3JIN,SM7UCZandON6WJachieved QRP transmitters based on the russian subminiature rod-pentode tubes type 1SH24b and 1P24b with which they performed the contest. Four radio antennas trailed behind. Appendix 2", "On the Launch of the First Earth's artificial satellite in the USSR", " -7", 45th Anniversary of the First Start of Native ICBM R-7, "Design of the first artificial satellite of the Earth", "Moskva Electronics Research Institute Novaya NII 885", Form of Signals of the First Earth's Artificial Satellite, Main Results of the Launch of the Rocket with the First ISZ Onboard on 4 October 1957, "World's first satellite and the international community's response", "Sputnik 1: The Satellite That Started It All", "Motion Picture of Sputnik 1 Rocket from Baltimore on October 12, 1957", "Reaction to the Soviet Satellite: A Preliminary Evaluation", "Roads and Crossroads of Internet History", "Historical Aspects of Early Soviet/Russian Manned Space Program", "Sputnik Left Legacy for U.S. Science Education", "Browse the Artifacts of Geek History in Jay Walker's Library", "Russians Launch Sputnik replica, Trigger Memories of First Satellite", Satellite One: The story of the first man-made device in space, Documents related to Sputnik 1 and the Space Race, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, 50th Anniversary of the Space Age & Sputnik, A joint Russian project of Ground microprocessing information systems SRC "PLANETA" and Space Monitoring Information Support laboratory (IKI RAN) dedicated to the 40th anniversary of Sputnik 1, "New Moon. Ljoha, let me know if there is something interesting. Called the Command-Measurement Complex, it consisted of the coordination center in NII-4 and seven distant stations situated along the line of the satellite's ground track. if you are able to read Russian, all available information about first Sputnik (including transmitter picture)was collected on forum site http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=7469&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=0&sid=e3e46af45af38ad297544115719eb6a9, There is an interesting answerfrom spaceship designer veteran(close to the end of forum):the schematic is top secret until today (what is veryusual in SU or Russia) and nobody would like to search for it in the archives. It was a polished metal sphere 58cm (23in) in diameter with four external radio antennas to broadcast radio pulses. [15] Tikhonravov had emphasized that the launch of an orbital satellite was an inevitable stage in the development of rocket technology. If we suppose that 40 MHz is not chosen for reception reasons, then the obvious reason to choose 40 MHz is that it is the second harmonic of 20 MHz. [107], Sputnik also inspired a generation of engineers and scientists. [84][88] An advanced research group was assembled for military purposes. What science was improved by information gained from its orbiting the Earth? Radio Sputnik has expanded to The selection was approved on 12 February 1955 by the Council of Ministers of the USSR, but the site would not be completed until 1958.