Bonding - The bonding within (intra) a molecule or crystal Why do atoms want a noble gas electron configuration? Aluminum (atomic number 13), with 13 electrons and the electron configuration [Ne]3s23p1, is analogous to its family member boron, [He]2s22p1. WebDuring any chemical reaction, the atoms of all the elements tend to gain stability by acquiring an electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas element. Thus, during The remaining electron must occupy the orbital of next lowest energy, the 2s orbital ([link] or [link]). What are noble gases? Other rules exist for other elements, such as the duplet rule for hydrogen and helium, or the 18-electron rule for transition metals. The octet rule is that an atom will be most stable when surrounded by 8 electrons in the valence shell. A sodium atom has a single electron in its outermost electron shell, the first and second shells again being full with two and eight electrons respectively. Carbon (atomic number 6) has six electrons. However, this pattern does not hold for larger atoms. A closed-shell configuration is one in which low-lying energy levels are full and higher energy levels are empty. In carbon dioxide each oxygen shares four electrons with the central carbon, two (shown in red) from the oxygen itself and two (shown in black) from the carbon. All that is left to do is enter each value into the formula. You should notice a trend. The bond order is 2.5, since each two-electron bond counts as one bond while the three-electron bond has only one shared electron and therefore corresponds to a half-bond. Draw the orbital diagram for the valence shell of each of the following atoms: Use an orbital diagram to describe the electron configuration of the valence shell of each of the following atoms: Using complete subshell notation (1s22s22p6, and so forth), predict the electron configurations of the following ions. Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision, Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results, Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas, Electronic Structure of Atoms (Electron Configurations), Periodic Variations in Element Properties, Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law, Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions, Shifting Equilibria: Le Chteliers Principle, The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics, Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals, Structure and General Properties of the Metalloids, Structure and General Properties of the Nonmetals, Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen, Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates, Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen, Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Phosphorus, Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Oxygen, Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Sulfur, Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens, Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of the Noble Gases, Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds, Coordination Chemistry of Transition Metals, Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, and Esters, Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements. Chapter 7 Flashcards | Quizlet